Gothic architecture - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Gothicarchitecture are building designs, as first pioneered in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. It began in France in the 1. The Gothic style grew out of Romanesque architecture. It lasted until the 1. By that time the Renaissance style of architecture had become popular. The important features of Gothic architecture are the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress, stained glass windows which are explained below. Gothic architecture is best known as the style of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, universities, and also some houses. Many church buildings still remain from this period. Even the smallest Gothic churches are often very beautiful, while many of the larger churches and cathedrals are thought to be priceless works of art. Many are listed with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as World Heritage Sites. In the 1. 9th century, the Gothic style became popular again, particularly for building churches and universities. This style is called Gothic architecture. Gothic architecture was at first called . The word Gothic was used later during the Renaissance as an insult. In fact, the architecture had nothing to do with the real Goths, a German tribe who attacked Rome in the early Middle Ages. An Italian writer named Giorgio Vasari used the word . After Vasari, many other people used the word. The Holy Roman Empire ruled a big part of Europe including the modern countries of Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, eastern France and much of northern Italy, apart from Venice. Historians believe Emperor Charlemagne began the Holy Roman Empire in 8. AD. The countries of France and Spain were split into kingdoms. England was ruled by a king whose family also had a lot of land in France. Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France.Norway was influenced by England, while the other Scandinavian countries and Poland were influenced by Germany. At that time, there was a lot of trade between towns and states. This caused the towns to grow larger. Germany, Holland and Belgium had many big towns that grew peacefully, often trading with each other. Because of the peace and wealth of these towns, they showed their pride by building huge Town Halls, often with very tall towers. In England and France, most people did not live in towns. They lived on farms, which were often owned by a rich nobleman (or lord). The house of the lord was usually called a manor house. Italy was mostly split up into small city states which often fought each other. Cerca, confronta e prenota voli low cost e hotel in tutto il mondo ai migliori prezzi disponibili sul mercato su Il Migratore.com. Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Free Download Gothic 3 Game Download Gothic 3 Game Full Version Download Gothic 3 Game Easy. Cities often had high walls and many of the houses built at this time were tall, high towers. The Roman Catholic Church has one head - the Pope. During the Middle Ages, one language was used in churches all across Europe - Church Latin, which had developed from ancient Latin. Formation web marketing, accompagnement et conseil pour assurer sa visibilit ITurnos es un sistema que sirve a quienes deben dar turnos, permitiendo que sus pacientes o clientes tomen los mismos directamente por Internet, las 24hs. The churches of each area had a local bishop who came under the Pope. Each Bishop had a throne where he could sit when priests and people came to him. A church which has a Bishop's throne is called a . Cathedrals were usually the biggest and most beautiful churches. In the early Middle Ages, many monasteries were built all over Europe. A group of holy men lived and worked and prayed there. Monks belonged to different . The biggest number of monasteries were homes to the monks of the Benedictine Order. Their monasteries were generally in towns and they often built very big churches called . Other orders of monks, like the Cistercians, did not live near towns. Nowadays their abbeys are seen as beautiful ruins in the English countryside. In France, there were also Benedictines, as well as Cluniac Orders. The great monastery at Cluny, built in the Romanesque style, was the biggest in Europe. The abbey and other buildings were very well planned so for hundreds of years other monasteries were influenced by that plan. In the 1. 3th century St. Francis of Assisi started the Franciscans, who were often called the . The Dominicans were founded by St. Dominic in Toulouse and Bologna. The Dominicans built many of Italy's Gothic churches. The monastery had a large church, the Abbey of Saint- Denis, and also a royal palace where the French kings sometimes stayed. Abbot Suger was a close friend to two kings, Louis VI and Louis VII. In 1. 12. 7 Suger had the idea to rebuild the great abbey Church of Saint- Denis. He began by changing the . Suger's grand design had three big doors like the arches on the Arch of Constantine in Rome, which were to let in all the crowds on special Holy Days. The facade also had a big round window in the centre, called a rose window, which was the first one in France. Abbot Suger did not then rebuild the part of the church inside the west doors, the . The next part that he rebuilt was the eastern end. Abbot Suger wanted this part to make people think of Heaven. He wanted it to be very light and bright, with great big windows of beautifully coloured glass. To do this, he looked at all the most modern designs, and all the clever things that other architects had done. He put all the new ideas together in one building. It was the first building of the new . Other architects soon copied the design for other big churches and cathedrals in northern France. After Abbot Suger's death, the rest of the church was also rebuilt in the new style, and got two more much larger and more decorated rose windows, one on either side. Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture. There was not a clean break between the two styles. Many of the features of Gothic architecture did not begin in the Gothic period. They were already there in Romanesque architecture, and slowly changed to become Gothic. The main changes were the pointed arch and the flying buttress. These two developments allowed many other changes to happen. Romanesque buildings had thick walls, small windows, round arches and flat buttresses. Gothic buildings had thinner walls, larger windows, pointed arches and large buttresses. All the types of buildings, and the general shape of the buildings were already there in the Romanesque period. The types of buildings were: - the cathedral church, the parish church, the monastery, the castle, the palace, the great hall and the gatehouse. Before the 2. 0th century, the landmark building in almost every town was a church, cathedral, abbey, or town hall with its tall tower or spire rising high above all the houses. Many of these buildings were from the Middle Ages and were Romanesque or Gothic in style. The long nave makes the body of the church and, crossing it, the arms are called the transept. On the other side of the transept is the chancel which is often called the choir because that is where the priest and the choir sing the services. The nave usually has a passageway or aisle on either side. Sometimes there are two aisles on each side. The nave is usually a lot taller than the aisles, and has high windows which light up the central space. The upper part of the building, where these windows are, is called the clerestory (or clear storey). Stephen of Vienna is an example. In some churches with double aisles, like Notre Dame, Paris, the transept does not stick out beyond the aisles. In English cathedrals the transepts always stick out a long way and sometimes there are two transepts as at Salisbury Cathedral. It is at the eastern end that Gothic churches are the most different from each other. In England the eastern end it is usually long and often has two parts. It is usually square or has a . Often French churches have a ring of chapels called a chevette. German churches are often like those of France at the eastern end. In Italy, there is no long chancel jutting out beyond the transept. There is usually just a semicircular chapel as at Florence Cathedral. In the Gothic style they were held up by stone ribs. A skeleton of stonework with great big glass windows in between. Tracery: carved stone lace in the windows and on the walls. Stained glass: richly coloured glass in the windows, often with pictures telling stories. Buttresses: narrow stone walls jutting out from the building to help hold it up. Flying buttresses: buttresses that help to hold the vault up. They are made with an arch that jumps over a lower part of the building to reach the outside wall. Statues: of Saints, Prophets and Kings around the doors. Many sculptures, sometimes of animals and legendary creatures. Gargoyles spout water from the roof. The transept has towers on it. The interior (inside) of York Minster shows clustered columns, vaulted roof, traceried window, ancient stained glass and a stone screen. The interior of Cologne Cathedral shows three stages: - the arcade at the lowest level, the gallery in the middle and the clerestory windows. The . One of the best known is Notre Dame de Paris. In the centre of the facade is the main door or portal, often with two side doors as well. In the arch of the middle door is often an important piece of sculpture, usually . Sometimes there is a stone post in the middle of the doorway where there is a statue of the . There are many other carved figures in niches set all around the portals. Sometimes there are hundreds of stone figures carved all across the front of the building. Above the middle door there is a large window, which is usually a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral, but not in England, Scotland, Belgium or Scandinavia where there will nearly always be a very large pointed window to let in lots of light. In Italy, the facade is often decorated with coloured marble and mosaic made of little coloured tiles, and not so many statues, as at Orvieto Cathedral. The facade of a French cathedral and many English, Spanish and German cathedrals usually has two towers. On the inside, the nave is usually at least twice as high as it is wide, which gives the church a very tall narrow look. Some of the churches in France and Germany have naves that are three times as high as they are wide.
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